By Graham Avery
Descendant of Dharawal ancestors from Burrier, Illaroo, Cambewarra and Bugong National Park.
Citation (Harvard Reference)
Avery, G, 2025, Dharawal Language, First Nations Family Genealogy Service, Sutherland NSW, Weebly website, URL:
https://www.firstnationsfgs.com/dharawal-language.html.
[You can save this into your PDF file automatically on your phone, pad, or computer. Save papers = save trees.]
Updated on 17/3/2025
Descendant of Dharawal ancestors from Burrier, Illaroo, Cambewarra and Bugong National Park.
Citation (Harvard Reference)
Avery, G, 2025, Dharawal Language, First Nations Family Genealogy Service, Sutherland NSW, Weebly website, URL:
https://www.firstnationsfgs.com/dharawal-language.html.
[You can save this into your PDF file automatically on your phone, pad, or computer. Save papers = save trees.]
Updated on 17/3/2025
| dharawal_language_-_first_nations_family_genealogy_service_17_march_2025.pdf |
Dharawal Language
The Dharawal language extended from the Georges River in southern Sydney to the Shoalhaven area. In Dharawal, the term for ‘man’ or ‘person’ is ‘Yuin,’ and ‘Dharawal’ is a Yuin word for the Cabbage Palm tree (Livistona australis). Bugong National Park near Illaroo and Burrier are within the Dharawal language group.
Dharawal Vocabulary
English to Dharawal
Body Parts and Derivatives
Ankle Wadawada, wuddawudda
Arm Dawung, Darin, Daung, Nhurung
Armpit Gadjigung
Back-bone, spine Barlganung
Back of the neck Garun
Beard Warlu, Walu, Wallu
Blood Ngawu
Bone Buyu
Brain Nubbanoon
Breast Ngumminyang, Ngaminjang
Cheek Birra
Chest Gugu, Kookoo, Yalgaa
Chin Wallu
Ear Guri, Kuri
Eye Mai, Mii, Mobura
Eyebrow Darami, Drumme
Eye-lash Darad, Taratt
Eye-lid Mili
Faeces Guning
Fat Guranjang, Kurrainyung
Fingers Biranung, Birranung
Foot Dhunna, Thunna
Forehead Ngulu
Hair Djirar, Jirra
Hand Marramul, Murramul, Marramun
Head Wallarr, Wollar, Wollir
Heel of foot Mugga
Intestines Gangganung, Gunggunnung
Kidney Yurrirranung
Knee Ngumung, Moom-moong
Leg Dhara, Dhurra, Thurra
Leg calf Gwullawurru
Lip Wiling, Willing
Little finger Waranjung, Wurranyung
Liver Naganung, Nugunung
Moustache Yaranj
Mouth Gami, Gammi, Kommi
Nails, claws, toenails Biranung, Birranung
Neck Guru, Gawaning
Nose Nuga, Nogur, Nugur
Nostril Nugurrgumirnu
Phallus Burnda
Pregnant bindhiwindang
Rectum Buung
Ribs Binhung
Rump Gaguwulali, Kaguwulali
Shin Buyu
Shoulder-blade Wardinj, Wurdin
Skin, Foreskin Baganyung, Bugganyung
Skull Walanung, Wallanoong
Sneeze, mucus Djirnganggali, Jirnganggali
Smallpox Galgal
Spit, saliva Djibamung
Sweat Ngulur
Thigh Dhara, Thurra
Throat Ngurnunj, Ngurnun
Tongue Dhalanj, Dhalan, Talang
Tooth Irra
Urine Djungur, Jungur
Vein Birrangull
Vomit Bigarung
Vulva Burung
Waist Thundhi, Dhundhay
Human Classification
Koori person or man of south coast NSW Yuwinj, Yuin, Yowin, Youhen, Yooin, Yuen
Koori woman Miga, Mega
Koori woman Narambal, Nurumbul
Boy Birudjara
Brother, elder Djadjang
Boy Djagarnanj
Baby Maraganjgang
Black guard Marli, ‘murli’
Child, small Djiramanj
Child, small, boy, baby Waranj
Girl, young Ngaba
Girl, young Yirawayang
Initiated young man Wuragal
Man Dhala, ‘Doola’
Man Dharra
Man Yuwinj, Yuin
Man, clever Winangalang
Man, old Banggang (bangong)
Man, old Biyanggan
Man uses many women Banjgaladha
Man, young Balan
Men, women and children Nawandalwali
Person scarred with birin Dirindhara
Stone woman Migalal
Woman ngaranggal
Woman, old muladha
Woman, young Wanggan
Emotions and doings
Afraid Djardu
Avenge Djilignji
Bad Gurnung
Badly Gurnumbungay
Bite Babaga-
Blind Malarawara
Blow or suck Bimba-
Burn, cook Ganama-
Brave baagawalung
Call for garuga-
Carry NgayamA-
Carry something Ngayima-
Cold Mayin
Copulate Ngurdama-
Cough Gadhaba-
Crooked Gulan gulan
Cry like a child, weep Dungga
Cut, chop Bunda-
Dance Gali-
Dead, die Wara, Wurraoranbala
Deaf Murnunj
Die Bali-
Dive Ngalwa-
Divide Wurwa
Drink, suck Ngundhu-
Echo Wungar
Give Ngama-
Give Ngamba-
Good, health Nagang
Greedy Muudjur
Fall Barwa-
Fight, strike, beat, hit Bulma-
Forget Mundu-
Frighten Djawinga-
Generous Bindilang
Get up Badjga-
Give Bindi-
Go Yan-
Go Yandi-
Greetings Djibang
Grow, ‘big-become’ Gayanwi-
Hang up Badhaba-
Hear Ngara-
Hide Badha-
Hit, kill yuri-
Hey, hello Yay
Hold Garunga
Hungry Gagayiri
Hunt Djanma-
Glad Ngwiyay, Ngwiai
“I’ll get warm” Guringjang
Jump Djidma
Jump Yada-
Keep Yuwindi
Kill Gula-
Laugh Djundung
Lean Bagan
Leave Wana-
Leave off Wanar-ran
Leave it Wannam-bulilawa
Leave off Wannandya
Like Yugun
Lie down Yarambing
‘Look out!’ Gwag
Lose (something) Dhabunga
Love Ngambumaya .
Love Wagilindanagara
Painting, scarring Barrin
Pinch Galinjandjudjuniga
Praise, from good Nagangba-yamara
Quick Djirward
Quick Yidhan
Rejoice Yalagang
Rejoice, Be happy Yilaga-
Remember Buwindja
Row, Swim Walanja-
Rub Ngaruwa-, Ngarwurri-
Run Djawa-
Run Mara-
Scratch Garwa-
Search Wayagara
See, Stare Nandi-
Send Yirra-
Send Yuriyala-
Shallow Balarang
Sick Biridj
Sing Yangamung
Silent Djangayiri
Sleep Nangga-
Sleep Minga-
Slow Djanba
Smell Djina
Smoke Gaanda
Smoke Galangaridj
Sneeze Djirnganggali
Sorry Ngarambay, ‘ngurrumbai’
Spit Djibamung
Stay Nguru
Stay here, Remain here Guwami
Steal Garanga-
Stealing white man’s corn Djalgal
Sweet Djidbalang
Suck Yidhama-
Take Mandi-
Talk Gamung
Talk Gawa
Tangled hairstyle Minyunggura
Tell Gara
Tell Djira-
Thirsty Djimbay
Throw Yiri-
Throw or pitch Yundu-
Tired Baru
Touch Badiya-
Twist something Guwinma
Useless Murnung
Vomit Bigarung
Walk Yana-
Walk, Go Yanda-
Weak, Soft Muladj
Wrong Gurnayanun
Locatives and directive words
Camp Gandi
Camp, Hut, Home Dhugan, Dhuganda
Camping ground for travellers Wirriwin
Camp, Nest, Hut Ngura
Camp, Windbreak GurVma
Here Njinjang
Grave Murang
Nearby Nharimung
North East Wind Baliya
Stay Nguru
Stay here, Remain here Guwami
That one Nhaiyung
That Nhaya
That farther, There Nhariya
That in object function, This Nhayang
That one moving Nhariya ngaradbalay
That, There Nham, Nhameng
That two Nharriwala
This Nhay
This, Here Njiinj
Yonder, that there out of sight dem nharraya
Numerical words
A few, Three Wawali
A little bit Miragangang
Clear, empty, zero Bangal
Light weight Birrabirra
First Miramirang
Five Bula Bula Midha
Five Maari, Muri
Four Bularr Bularr
Four Wawarlayam
Eight Mirabula
Deep Gadha
Little Muyinggang
Little Gunamaragang
Little Marawaylang
Nothing Mirraguyung, Mirruguyung
Once Middhunga
One Midandhali
One Midhung
Plentiful, Many Baramarang
Shallow Balarang
Short Gulagang
Three Bularra Midhang, Bulla Mitta
Three Ngalu
That one Nhaiyung
That two Nharriwala
Time Dargali
Twenty Murindan
Twice Bularru
Two Bularr
Kinship and relationship
A suitable man to marry Gabu
Bird Totems Budjanggal
Brother-in-law Djambi
Elder brother Djadjang
Father Baaba
Husband Dhalimarra
Man uses many women; polygamy Banjgaladha
Mother; mother’s sister; father’s brother’s wife Mama(ng)
Second cousin, Sweet Heart. Dharanggan
Son-in-law Baawiri
Wife Migamarra
Younger sister, before puberty Midjang
Younger son Yalunggali
Ceremony, spirituality, and initiation
A suitable man to marry Gabu
Brave Baagawalung
Bird Totems Budjanggal
Dance Gali-
Dead, Die Wurraoranbala, Wara
Evil spirit, Devil Gawan
God, Spirit Mirirwal
Greetings Djibang
Initiated young man Wuragal
Large aquatic monster Gurungadj
Legendary ape man GunaamVldjan
Man, warrior Yuwinj
Person scarred with Birin dirindhara
Smoke Gaanda
Smoke Galangaridj, Garanggaridj
Wedding Manda
Youth any time after bora Wurugal
Youth before bora initiation Yanggumadjang
Artefacts
Bag, Basket Ganjii
Boomerang shield Milidhu
Boomerang Waranganj
Blunts as in tools Mugu
Browband Balambanj
Browband Gumbanj
Candle Dariyal
Charcoal, Ashes Marangga
Cigarette Bunda
Fish scales Njir
Hook Blady Garungalli
Jagged spear Gama
Knife Nadjba, nadba
Light, Torch Ngarang
Stone or fish ripple Ngalambay
Smoke Garanggaridj
Stone Gurubang
Light of fire Wuriwuri
War spear Mayagang
Wood, Tree Gundu
The Universe and Elements
Ashes Dabil
Ashes Dabin
Big hill, Range of hills, Mountains Balawarri
Brackish water Illaroong, Illaroo
Cloud Garru, Gurru
Cloud Manguru, Mongoru
Calm sea Gawur
Creek, Little stream Dharagangang
Darkness Manung
Dirt Murungadha
Dry Djidjir
Field Buruna
Fire Ganbi
Fog Murdjang
Fresh water Nagun
Frost, Cold Dhagalang
Glow, Aura Djiranggan
Hail Yura
Island Baranga
Lagoon Gudjarr
Lightning Nharrawangay
Mist Birung
Month roughly, Moon cycle Djadjungala
Moon Djadjung
Moonrise Djadjungbalay
Moonset Djadjunyiribalay
Morning Star Burara
Mountain, Single hill Bubarang, Bahree
Mud Barrabarrag
Night Burarr, Buray
North east wind Baliya
Orion’s Belt Barara
Pleiades, star formation Malamalang
Rain Bana, Yaway
River, large creek Dharagang
Rough sea Gadhu
Rough sea Galngurrawangwai
Rough waves Yayambangai
Small lagoon Dabi
Sea Galnurr
Sea Gayung
Shooting Star Djirawalang
Sky Mindjigari
Sky Miriri
Salt water Balindjang
Snow Dhagala
Star Djindjinarang
Stars collectively Djindjingara
Sunrise Wuriwawulay
Sunshine Wuriwuri
Sunset Wuriyiribulay
Sun Wuru
Thunder Murungal
Thunder God Mirribi
Water Ngadjung
Waves Guruwa
Water, Wet Ngadjungadjung
Temporal words
After birth Njadjuwang
Always Dharandhurung
Any time after bora Wurugal
Day Nilanu
Day after tomorrow Barinhung
Day before yesterday Dhadjilam, Dhalugawal
Dark night Dharburang
Evening Burabura
Few days ago, or weeks ago Dhadjili
Few days ahead or weeks ahead Dhadjan barinung
Hey you! Ngayung
Is that so? Ngang ngang
Month roughly, moon cycle Djadjungala
Moonrise Djadjungbalay
Moonset Djadjunyiribalay
Morning Barriwarri
Night Burarr, Buray
Soon, Near Future Bala
Soon, By and Bye Dhadjam
Sunrise Wuriwawulay
Sunset Wuriyiribulay
Time Dargali
Today Nhaway
While ago, long ago Dhadjan wari
Yesterday Dhaluga
Camp, fire, food, and recreation
Ashes Dabil, Dabin
Edible grub in grasstree Bungumirr
Bird’s egg Gaban
Burn, cook Ganama-
Camp Gandi
Camp, hut, home Dhugan, dhuganda
Camp, nest, hut Ngura
Camp, windbreak Guruma
Canoe Madjari
Catch Man-, manda-
Charcoal, also ashes Marangga
Cut, chop Bunda-
Eat Dhanjma
Edible grub in wattle tree Barrang
Fat Guranjang
Fire Ganbi
Fish Dhanj
Fish Maridha
Fresh water Nagun
Egg Narri
Grub Daral
Honey, sugar Nguga
Hungry Gagayiri
Hunt Djanma-
Hut (gunyi) Gunndi
Man ate too much Dangarun
Meat Mandidja, ‘monee’
Meat Marni
Mudcockle (Djirringanj/Dhurga) Bimbala
Native grape Mamingang
Non-meat food, bread Dhanga
Onion Diradharal
Oyster Bidhanga
Potato Dagun Wabarawu
Shells Burran burrin, baran baran
Small mussell Barawili
Smoke Garanggaridj
Smokes Mundhamundha
Stay here, remain here Guwami
Sweet Djidbalang
Sunshine, light of fire Wuriwuri
Sugar Nuga
Tea Bidarr, Darandang
Thirsty Djimbay
Vegetable food Dhangang
Water Ngadjung
Hit, kill, hunt Yuri-
Hot, heat Yiraman
Animals
1. Arthropods
Bee Garinhung
Blow-fly and common fly Miring
Bite Babaga
Bull ant, red and black ones (bulldog ants) Garawur
Bulldog ants, bull ants Garrurr
Nest, hive Ngura
Centipede Djilingari
Common ant Bidhura
Edible grub in grasstree Bungumirr
Edible grub in wattle tree Barrang
Egg Narri
Fingernail, toenail, claw, fingers Biranung
Fly Yarw
Grasshopper Djilwir
Grub Daral
Grub, grub in log in water Wawadjang
Honey, sugar Nguga
Hornet Murr
Jumper ant and green headed ant Mundi
Louse Gunggal
Nits of louse Gariyan
Queen bee, mother bee Ngabanhungula
Shrimp Dildilyan
Small locust Djirabirin
Spider Marramarr
Sting, stab Dhura-
Termite Nganjung
White ants, termites Nayuga
2. Birds
Bird’s down Burunburun
Bird’s egg Gaban
Bird (generic) Budjan
Bird Totem Budjanggal
Black cockatoo Ngaral, ‘nowra’
Black Swan Gunju, gunjung, gunna
Blue Kingfisher Djugurawa
Blue-White Pigeon Wonga wonga
Bower Bird Bumbayang
Bronze-winged Pigeon Gurgang
Brush Turkey Djira , ‘jirra’
Curlew Maningang
Currawong Yungang
Quail Burawul
Claws Biranung
Dove Mudmudgang
Duck Guna, gunna
Eaglehawk Malyan
Emu Biribain, Bittibanj
Emu Mariyang
Egg Narri
Head, egg Gabaanu
Kookaburra Guuguu, gugara
Kookaburra, kingfisher Gugug
Kookaburra, kingfisher Gugunyaaru
Large brown hawk Biburdugang
Magpie Garugang
Magpie Wibung
Mountain Dove Biyin
Night Owl Djunidjunudj
Night Owl Yingarri
Parrokeet Walungarid
Pelican Garanggaba, ‘kurumbaba’
Pigeon Guriwal
Plover Bindjirangdjirang
Quail, plain wanderer quail Burrburr
Red Bill (bird) Ngarribarr
Swift Bird Garaywal
Tail Marraa, Murranung
Water-hen Bangurd
Water hen’s nest Mulgun
White cockatoo Yambayimba
Wood duck Ngalagang
3. Mammals
Animal Nanang-wariganan
Bandicoot Burdula
Bandicoot Mundu
Eastern Grey Kangaroo Buru, Burru, Booroo
Kangaroo Rat Ganimang
Koala Garrilwa
Flying Fox Gawundhana
Echidna Gununggwirr
Echidna quills Dhuradhural
Dingo, dog Mirigang
Male animals Biyanhung, Gawalgang
Native cat, black and white Wungar
Pademelon Bulawa
Platypus Djamalung
Possum Gurawara
Possum, forest Wili, wili wili
Possum cloak Wulugang
Quoll, yellow-white native cat Wagara
Ring-tailed possum Dharambang
Rock Wallaby Baraal, ‘Burrah’
Sugar Glider Bunggu
Wallaby Bhurrar
Wallaroo Warrung
Water Rat Biyawurr
Whale Barribarri, burri burri
Whale Muriyira
Wombat Gulung
4. Marine animals
Bream Barriya
Bream Yiramari
Eel Bandi
Eel Barra
Fish Dhanj
Fish blood Nawu
Fish Maridha
Fish scales Njir
Freshwater eel Wayan
Jewfish Midala
Large eel Bambi
Large Mussel Gurandjir
Oyster Bidhanga
Mullet Murramurra
Shark Yungga
Shells burran burrin
Small Mussel Barawili
Starfish Gunaguni
Starfish Malamala
Stingray Baba
Stingray Garawan
5. Reptiles
Black Snake Mundha
Carpet Snake Maga, Mugga
Death Adder Madjawidj
Fingernail, toenail, claw, fingers Biranung
Frog Djarungali
Tongue Dhalanj
Ground goanna Warurr
Large lizard Gunga
Shells Burran Burrin baran baran
Sleepy lizard Magadhung
Tree Goanna Djindala
Water Dragon Waruga
Plants
1. Plant modifications
Bark Dhunga, ngirnjirang
Large wood Gayangundu
Log Barmagan
Flowers Dambaralang
Flowers Daranman
Glans Ngulanang
Myrtle, oil gland Gungalin
Tree Gundu
Tree leaf Djirang
Trees Gunduwulawala
Wadhungwuri Forest-ridge
Wood Warr
2. Trees (30m-15m high)
Bastard Box, Eucalyptus sp. Barroul-gourrah
Bastard Box of Illawarra, Eucalyptus sp. Dtaah
Black Apple, Planchonella australis Djirra-wa-wah, Jerrawarrah
Black-butt, Silvertop Ash, Eucalyptus pilularis, E. sieberi Yarrawarrah, Yarrawarra
Beef Wood, Silky Oak, Stenocarpus salignus Meleyn
Blueberry Ash, Eleocarpus reticulatus Yandir-airii, ‘yander-airy’
Blue Box, Eucalyptus baureriana Djilladt, ‘tjellat’
Box of Illawarra, Eucalyptus sp. Gnooroo-wara
Broad-leaved Grey Ironbark, Eucalyptus paniculata Dtirri-barri, ‘terri-barri’
Brown tree-fern, Dicksonia Antarctica Gaarruumuul, ‘gourroo-mool’
Brush Cherry, Syzygium paniculatum Galangarra
Cabbage Palm, Livistona australis Dtharowal, Dharawal
Callicoma, Black Wattle, Callicoma serratifolia Dtjirruing, Tdjerruing
Coachwood or Christmas Bush, Ceratopetalum sp. Buula, Boola
Deciduous Fig, Ficus henneanea Baira
Eucalyptus sp. Dtackai courroo
Giant Stinging tree, Dendrocnide excelsa Guumaumaa, Goomaomah
Grey Mangrove, Avicennia marina Balun
Grey Gum, Eucalytpus punctata Djilag, Dyellak
Gum Vine, Aphanopetalum resinosum Dtjiunin, Tdjeunen
Ironbark tree, Eucalyptus paniculata Barima, Barremma
Kurrajong, Brachychiton populneus Gouramyn Couramyn
Kurrajong, Hibiscus heterophyllus Dtharang-gange
Lillypilly, Acmena smithii Djiirail, Tdjerail
Mahogany, Eucalyptus sp. Buuah, Booah
Maidens’ blush, Sloanea australis Dawawah
Messmate, Stringbark, Eucalyptus obliqua, Warreeah
Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla Garriuaura karreuaira
Narrow-leaved Apple, Angophora bakeri Banda, Boondah, Bunda
Narrow-leaved Peppermint, Eucalyptus radiata Gayirra, Kayer-ro
Narrow-leaved Ironbark, Eucalyptus crebra Mokaarago, Muggago, Mukaarragu
Native Cherry, Exocarpus cupressiformis Gaaiiyad, Koieyatt
Native Cycad, Macrozamia communis Burrawang, Biiaawang
Oak Buwandayu
Red Ash, Alphitonia sp. Murrung
Red Bloodwood, Corymbia gummifera Baarrayiraw gaurruu, Bourrayero gourroo
Red Gum, Angophora costata, E. tereticornis, Gudyimburr
Red Mahogany, Eucalyptus resinifera, Dhurambai, Thurambai
River She-Oak, Casuarina cunninghamniana Billagin
Rough tree-fern, Cyathea australis Beeow-wang
Soapberry, Sapindaceae species Balim bowlimba
Salt Swamp Oak, Casuarina stricta Gamburra, Comburra, Oomburra
Small-leaved fig, Ficus obliqua Warrauka
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Buuangii, Booangie
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Dharangiwili
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Yarrunj,Yah-ruigne
Stringybark tree, Eucalyptus sp. Dthahdthaang
Swamp Mahogany, Eucalyptus robusta Burram-murra, Barramarra
Sydney Blue Gum, Eucalyptus saligna Couranga, Gauranga
Turpentine, Syncarpia gummifera Buuriiraa, Buriirah, Booreeah
Teak Wood, Endiandra sieberi Murragun, Murrogun
Whalebone tree, Streblus brunonianus Marrulang
Wattle, Acacia species Baaliang
Wattle, Acacia species Mayamba
White Beech, Gmelina leichhardtii Guurinnu, Coo-in-new
Wild Fig, Ficus species Karwer-ullago Garwer-ullago (fig-wild), Garwer, Karwer
Woollybutt of Illawarra, Eucalyptus longifolia Gnaoulie, Ngawuli
Dharawal Placenames
Budgong, Bugong - an original name of the creek flow from Cambewarra to Shoalhaven River and right next to Bugong National Park.
Buuraneer – Boorranea, name of the point on Port Hacking River.
Burrawang – a name of a cycad plant called Burrawang cycad – Macrozamia communis
Burrera, Burria - it is an traditional name of Burrier near Cambewarra. Burrier Tribe of the Woddi Woddi Clan, Dharawal Country.
Cambewarra - near Burrier and Illaroo means “place of burning hill” or “Illawarra Flaming Trees Mountain”.
Cronulla – kurranulla, gurranulla, kurrongnulla meaning wetland or reeds in swamp.
Deeban – a Dharawal place name for Port Hacking River.
Elouera – derived from Illawarra meaning ‘high place of white clay’
Ganman.gang – “small island near entrance of Lake Illawarra”
Gunnamatta - Goona or Gunna means “black duck or swan” and “matta” means place of; Place of swans or ducks via Cronulla.
Kamay Botany Bay – traditional name of Botany Bay or Stingray Bay
Kanahooka – a name of a Dharawal warrior.
Kemblawarra
Koonawarra – koona meaning duck and warra meaning high place, Koonawarra meaning
‘high place of duck’
Illaroo, Illaroong - brackish water, traditional name of Broughton Creek near Berry.
Illawarra – it also relates to Eleoura and Illawong
Illawong – it also relates to Illawarra and Eleoura
Minnamurra – many fishes
Minnagang Creek – mirrigang meaning dog, a creek between Kemlbawarra and
Kanahooka.
Milgurrung – a Dharawal place name for a fresh water place in Kurnell that runs into
Kamay Botany Bay.
Mittagong – mirrigang meaning dog
Mirragang Creek – meaning dog, located in Lake Illawarra
Murringah – derived from marrangga meaning charcoal or ashes
Nijong – ngijong meaning water
Norongerragal - name of the clan in Nurunggerung or Wennagarung which is now Holsworthy, Menai, and Heathcote.
Thirroul – tharrawal, dharawal meaning cabbage palm tree – Livistona australis. Dharawal is possibly a totem of the language group that the Dharawal Ancestors planted cabbage palm trees in Illawarra area back in The Dreamtime Period.
Warabiya – a placename between Bummerong and Botany Bay
Wennagarung – Heathcote and Engadine, Bottle Forest area. Richard Hill stated “While
here I may mention, to show how easily names are corrupted, that ‘Bottle Forest’ (now
Heathcote) was so called because a bottle was found by the surveyors that surveyed that
locality. The aboriginal name of this place is ‘Wennagarung.”
Wollongong – Woolyungah
English to Dharawal
Body Parts and Derivatives
Ankle Wadawada, wuddawudda
Arm Dawung, Darin, Daung, Nhurung
Armpit Gadjigung
Back-bone, spine Barlganung
Back of the neck Garun
Beard Warlu, Walu, Wallu
Blood Ngawu
Bone Buyu
Brain Nubbanoon
Breast Ngumminyang, Ngaminjang
Cheek Birra
Chest Gugu, Kookoo, Yalgaa
Chin Wallu
Ear Guri, Kuri
Eye Mai, Mii, Mobura
Eyebrow Darami, Drumme
Eye-lash Darad, Taratt
Eye-lid Mili
Faeces Guning
Fat Guranjang, Kurrainyung
Fingers Biranung, Birranung
Foot Dhunna, Thunna
Forehead Ngulu
Hair Djirar, Jirra
Hand Marramul, Murramul, Marramun
Head Wallarr, Wollar, Wollir
Heel of foot Mugga
Intestines Gangganung, Gunggunnung
Kidney Yurrirranung
Knee Ngumung, Moom-moong
Leg Dhara, Dhurra, Thurra
Leg calf Gwullawurru
Lip Wiling, Willing
Little finger Waranjung, Wurranyung
Liver Naganung, Nugunung
Moustache Yaranj
Mouth Gami, Gammi, Kommi
Nails, claws, toenails Biranung, Birranung
Neck Guru, Gawaning
Nose Nuga, Nogur, Nugur
Nostril Nugurrgumirnu
Phallus Burnda
Pregnant bindhiwindang
Rectum Buung
Ribs Binhung
Rump Gaguwulali, Kaguwulali
Shin Buyu
Shoulder-blade Wardinj, Wurdin
Skin, Foreskin Baganyung, Bugganyung
Skull Walanung, Wallanoong
Sneeze, mucus Djirnganggali, Jirnganggali
Smallpox Galgal
Spit, saliva Djibamung
Sweat Ngulur
Thigh Dhara, Thurra
Throat Ngurnunj, Ngurnun
Tongue Dhalanj, Dhalan, Talang
Tooth Irra
Urine Djungur, Jungur
Vein Birrangull
Vomit Bigarung
Vulva Burung
Waist Thundhi, Dhundhay
Human Classification
Koori person or man of south coast NSW Yuwinj, Yuin, Yowin, Youhen, Yooin, Yuen
Koori woman Miga, Mega
Koori woman Narambal, Nurumbul
Boy Birudjara
Brother, elder Djadjang
Boy Djagarnanj
Baby Maraganjgang
Black guard Marli, ‘murli’
Child, small Djiramanj
Child, small, boy, baby Waranj
Girl, young Ngaba
Girl, young Yirawayang
Initiated young man Wuragal
Man Dhala, ‘Doola’
Man Dharra
Man Yuwinj, Yuin
Man, clever Winangalang
Man, old Banggang (bangong)
Man, old Biyanggan
Man uses many women Banjgaladha
Man, young Balan
Men, women and children Nawandalwali
Person scarred with birin Dirindhara
Stone woman Migalal
Woman ngaranggal
Woman, old muladha
Woman, young Wanggan
Emotions and doings
Afraid Djardu
Avenge Djilignji
Bad Gurnung
Badly Gurnumbungay
Bite Babaga-
Blind Malarawara
Blow or suck Bimba-
Burn, cook Ganama-
Brave baagawalung
Call for garuga-
Carry NgayamA-
Carry something Ngayima-
Cold Mayin
Copulate Ngurdama-
Cough Gadhaba-
Crooked Gulan gulan
Cry like a child, weep Dungga
Cut, chop Bunda-
Dance Gali-
Dead, die Wara, Wurraoranbala
Deaf Murnunj
Die Bali-
Dive Ngalwa-
Divide Wurwa
Drink, suck Ngundhu-
Echo Wungar
Give Ngama-
Give Ngamba-
Good, health Nagang
Greedy Muudjur
Fall Barwa-
Fight, strike, beat, hit Bulma-
Forget Mundu-
Frighten Djawinga-
Generous Bindilang
Get up Badjga-
Give Bindi-
Go Yan-
Go Yandi-
Greetings Djibang
Grow, ‘big-become’ Gayanwi-
Hang up Badhaba-
Hear Ngara-
Hide Badha-
Hit, kill yuri-
Hey, hello Yay
Hold Garunga
Hungry Gagayiri
Hunt Djanma-
Glad Ngwiyay, Ngwiai
“I’ll get warm” Guringjang
Jump Djidma
Jump Yada-
Keep Yuwindi
Kill Gula-
Laugh Djundung
Lean Bagan
Leave Wana-
Leave off Wanar-ran
Leave it Wannam-bulilawa
Leave off Wannandya
Like Yugun
Lie down Yarambing
‘Look out!’ Gwag
Lose (something) Dhabunga
Love Ngambumaya .
Love Wagilindanagara
Painting, scarring Barrin
Pinch Galinjandjudjuniga
Praise, from good Nagangba-yamara
Quick Djirward
Quick Yidhan
Rejoice Yalagang
Rejoice, Be happy Yilaga-
Remember Buwindja
Row, Swim Walanja-
Rub Ngaruwa-, Ngarwurri-
Run Djawa-
Run Mara-
Scratch Garwa-
Search Wayagara
See, Stare Nandi-
Send Yirra-
Send Yuriyala-
Shallow Balarang
Sick Biridj
Sing Yangamung
Silent Djangayiri
Sleep Nangga-
Sleep Minga-
Slow Djanba
Smell Djina
Smoke Gaanda
Smoke Galangaridj
Sneeze Djirnganggali
Sorry Ngarambay, ‘ngurrumbai’
Spit Djibamung
Stay Nguru
Stay here, Remain here Guwami
Steal Garanga-
Stealing white man’s corn Djalgal
Sweet Djidbalang
Suck Yidhama-
Take Mandi-
Talk Gamung
Talk Gawa
Tangled hairstyle Minyunggura
Tell Gara
Tell Djira-
Thirsty Djimbay
Throw Yiri-
Throw or pitch Yundu-
Tired Baru
Touch Badiya-
Twist something Guwinma
Useless Murnung
Vomit Bigarung
Walk Yana-
Walk, Go Yanda-
Weak, Soft Muladj
Wrong Gurnayanun
Locatives and directive words
Camp Gandi
Camp, Hut, Home Dhugan, Dhuganda
Camping ground for travellers Wirriwin
Camp, Nest, Hut Ngura
Camp, Windbreak GurVma
Here Njinjang
Grave Murang
Nearby Nharimung
North East Wind Baliya
Stay Nguru
Stay here, Remain here Guwami
That one Nhaiyung
That Nhaya
That farther, There Nhariya
That in object function, This Nhayang
That one moving Nhariya ngaradbalay
That, There Nham, Nhameng
That two Nharriwala
This Nhay
This, Here Njiinj
Yonder, that there out of sight dem nharraya
Numerical words
A few, Three Wawali
A little bit Miragangang
Clear, empty, zero Bangal
Light weight Birrabirra
First Miramirang
Five Bula Bula Midha
Five Maari, Muri
Four Bularr Bularr
Four Wawarlayam
Eight Mirabula
Deep Gadha
Little Muyinggang
Little Gunamaragang
Little Marawaylang
Nothing Mirraguyung, Mirruguyung
Once Middhunga
One Midandhali
One Midhung
Plentiful, Many Baramarang
Shallow Balarang
Short Gulagang
Three Bularra Midhang, Bulla Mitta
Three Ngalu
That one Nhaiyung
That two Nharriwala
Time Dargali
Twenty Murindan
Twice Bularru
Two Bularr
Kinship and relationship
A suitable man to marry Gabu
Bird Totems Budjanggal
Brother-in-law Djambi
Elder brother Djadjang
Father Baaba
Husband Dhalimarra
Man uses many women; polygamy Banjgaladha
Mother; mother’s sister; father’s brother’s wife Mama(ng)
Second cousin, Sweet Heart. Dharanggan
Son-in-law Baawiri
Wife Migamarra
Younger sister, before puberty Midjang
Younger son Yalunggali
Ceremony, spirituality, and initiation
A suitable man to marry Gabu
Brave Baagawalung
Bird Totems Budjanggal
Dance Gali-
Dead, Die Wurraoranbala, Wara
Evil spirit, Devil Gawan
God, Spirit Mirirwal
Greetings Djibang
Initiated young man Wuragal
Large aquatic monster Gurungadj
Legendary ape man GunaamVldjan
Man, warrior Yuwinj
Person scarred with Birin dirindhara
Smoke Gaanda
Smoke Galangaridj, Garanggaridj
Wedding Manda
Youth any time after bora Wurugal
Youth before bora initiation Yanggumadjang
Artefacts
Bag, Basket Ganjii
Boomerang shield Milidhu
Boomerang Waranganj
Blunts as in tools Mugu
Browband Balambanj
Browband Gumbanj
Candle Dariyal
Charcoal, Ashes Marangga
Cigarette Bunda
Fish scales Njir
Hook Blady Garungalli
Jagged spear Gama
Knife Nadjba, nadba
Light, Torch Ngarang
Stone or fish ripple Ngalambay
Smoke Garanggaridj
Stone Gurubang
Light of fire Wuriwuri
War spear Mayagang
Wood, Tree Gundu
The Universe and Elements
Ashes Dabil
Ashes Dabin
Big hill, Range of hills, Mountains Balawarri
Brackish water Illaroong, Illaroo
Cloud Garru, Gurru
Cloud Manguru, Mongoru
Calm sea Gawur
Creek, Little stream Dharagangang
Darkness Manung
Dirt Murungadha
Dry Djidjir
Field Buruna
Fire Ganbi
Fog Murdjang
Fresh water Nagun
Frost, Cold Dhagalang
Glow, Aura Djiranggan
Hail Yura
Island Baranga
Lagoon Gudjarr
Lightning Nharrawangay
Mist Birung
Month roughly, Moon cycle Djadjungala
Moon Djadjung
Moonrise Djadjungbalay
Moonset Djadjunyiribalay
Morning Star Burara
Mountain, Single hill Bubarang, Bahree
Mud Barrabarrag
Night Burarr, Buray
North east wind Baliya
Orion’s Belt Barara
Pleiades, star formation Malamalang
Rain Bana, Yaway
River, large creek Dharagang
Rough sea Gadhu
Rough sea Galngurrawangwai
Rough waves Yayambangai
Small lagoon Dabi
Sea Galnurr
Sea Gayung
Shooting Star Djirawalang
Sky Mindjigari
Sky Miriri
Salt water Balindjang
Snow Dhagala
Star Djindjinarang
Stars collectively Djindjingara
Sunrise Wuriwawulay
Sunshine Wuriwuri
Sunset Wuriyiribulay
Sun Wuru
Thunder Murungal
Thunder God Mirribi
Water Ngadjung
Waves Guruwa
Water, Wet Ngadjungadjung
Temporal words
After birth Njadjuwang
Always Dharandhurung
Any time after bora Wurugal
Day Nilanu
Day after tomorrow Barinhung
Day before yesterday Dhadjilam, Dhalugawal
Dark night Dharburang
Evening Burabura
Few days ago, or weeks ago Dhadjili
Few days ahead or weeks ahead Dhadjan barinung
Hey you! Ngayung
Is that so? Ngang ngang
Month roughly, moon cycle Djadjungala
Moonrise Djadjungbalay
Moonset Djadjunyiribalay
Morning Barriwarri
Night Burarr, Buray
Soon, Near Future Bala
Soon, By and Bye Dhadjam
Sunrise Wuriwawulay
Sunset Wuriyiribulay
Time Dargali
Today Nhaway
While ago, long ago Dhadjan wari
Yesterday Dhaluga
Camp, fire, food, and recreation
Ashes Dabil, Dabin
Edible grub in grasstree Bungumirr
Bird’s egg Gaban
Burn, cook Ganama-
Camp Gandi
Camp, hut, home Dhugan, dhuganda
Camp, nest, hut Ngura
Camp, windbreak Guruma
Canoe Madjari
Catch Man-, manda-
Charcoal, also ashes Marangga
Cut, chop Bunda-
Eat Dhanjma
Edible grub in wattle tree Barrang
Fat Guranjang
Fire Ganbi
Fish Dhanj
Fish Maridha
Fresh water Nagun
Egg Narri
Grub Daral
Honey, sugar Nguga
Hungry Gagayiri
Hunt Djanma-
Hut (gunyi) Gunndi
Man ate too much Dangarun
Meat Mandidja, ‘monee’
Meat Marni
Mudcockle (Djirringanj/Dhurga) Bimbala
Native grape Mamingang
Non-meat food, bread Dhanga
Onion Diradharal
Oyster Bidhanga
Potato Dagun Wabarawu
Shells Burran burrin, baran baran
Small mussell Barawili
Smoke Garanggaridj
Smokes Mundhamundha
Stay here, remain here Guwami
Sweet Djidbalang
Sunshine, light of fire Wuriwuri
Sugar Nuga
Tea Bidarr, Darandang
Thirsty Djimbay
Vegetable food Dhangang
Water Ngadjung
Hit, kill, hunt Yuri-
Hot, heat Yiraman
Animals
1. Arthropods
Bee Garinhung
Blow-fly and common fly Miring
Bite Babaga
Bull ant, red and black ones (bulldog ants) Garawur
Bulldog ants, bull ants Garrurr
Nest, hive Ngura
Centipede Djilingari
Common ant Bidhura
Edible grub in grasstree Bungumirr
Edible grub in wattle tree Barrang
Egg Narri
Fingernail, toenail, claw, fingers Biranung
Fly Yarw
Grasshopper Djilwir
Grub Daral
Grub, grub in log in water Wawadjang
Honey, sugar Nguga
Hornet Murr
Jumper ant and green headed ant Mundi
Louse Gunggal
Nits of louse Gariyan
Queen bee, mother bee Ngabanhungula
Shrimp Dildilyan
Small locust Djirabirin
Spider Marramarr
Sting, stab Dhura-
Termite Nganjung
White ants, termites Nayuga
2. Birds
Bird’s down Burunburun
Bird’s egg Gaban
Bird (generic) Budjan
Bird Totem Budjanggal
Black cockatoo Ngaral, ‘nowra’
Black Swan Gunju, gunjung, gunna
Blue Kingfisher Djugurawa
Blue-White Pigeon Wonga wonga
Bower Bird Bumbayang
Bronze-winged Pigeon Gurgang
Brush Turkey Djira , ‘jirra’
Curlew Maningang
Currawong Yungang
Quail Burawul
Claws Biranung
Dove Mudmudgang
Duck Guna, gunna
Eaglehawk Malyan
Emu Biribain, Bittibanj
Emu Mariyang
Egg Narri
Head, egg Gabaanu
Kookaburra Guuguu, gugara
Kookaburra, kingfisher Gugug
Kookaburra, kingfisher Gugunyaaru
Large brown hawk Biburdugang
Magpie Garugang
Magpie Wibung
Mountain Dove Biyin
Night Owl Djunidjunudj
Night Owl Yingarri
Parrokeet Walungarid
Pelican Garanggaba, ‘kurumbaba’
Pigeon Guriwal
Plover Bindjirangdjirang
Quail, plain wanderer quail Burrburr
Red Bill (bird) Ngarribarr
Swift Bird Garaywal
Tail Marraa, Murranung
Water-hen Bangurd
Water hen’s nest Mulgun
White cockatoo Yambayimba
Wood duck Ngalagang
3. Mammals
Animal Nanang-wariganan
Bandicoot Burdula
Bandicoot Mundu
Eastern Grey Kangaroo Buru, Burru, Booroo
Kangaroo Rat Ganimang
Koala Garrilwa
Flying Fox Gawundhana
Echidna Gununggwirr
Echidna quills Dhuradhural
Dingo, dog Mirigang
Male animals Biyanhung, Gawalgang
Native cat, black and white Wungar
Pademelon Bulawa
Platypus Djamalung
Possum Gurawara
Possum, forest Wili, wili wili
Possum cloak Wulugang
Quoll, yellow-white native cat Wagara
Ring-tailed possum Dharambang
Rock Wallaby Baraal, ‘Burrah’
Sugar Glider Bunggu
Wallaby Bhurrar
Wallaroo Warrung
Water Rat Biyawurr
Whale Barribarri, burri burri
Whale Muriyira
Wombat Gulung
4. Marine animals
Bream Barriya
Bream Yiramari
Eel Bandi
Eel Barra
Fish Dhanj
Fish blood Nawu
Fish Maridha
Fish scales Njir
Freshwater eel Wayan
Jewfish Midala
Large eel Bambi
Large Mussel Gurandjir
Oyster Bidhanga
Mullet Murramurra
Shark Yungga
Shells burran burrin
Small Mussel Barawili
Starfish Gunaguni
Starfish Malamala
Stingray Baba
Stingray Garawan
5. Reptiles
Black Snake Mundha
Carpet Snake Maga, Mugga
Death Adder Madjawidj
Fingernail, toenail, claw, fingers Biranung
Frog Djarungali
Tongue Dhalanj
Ground goanna Warurr
Large lizard Gunga
Shells Burran Burrin baran baran
Sleepy lizard Magadhung
Tree Goanna Djindala
Water Dragon Waruga
Plants
1. Plant modifications
Bark Dhunga, ngirnjirang
Large wood Gayangundu
Log Barmagan
Flowers Dambaralang
Flowers Daranman
Glans Ngulanang
Myrtle, oil gland Gungalin
Tree Gundu
Tree leaf Djirang
Trees Gunduwulawala
Wadhungwuri Forest-ridge
Wood Warr
2. Trees (30m-15m high)
Bastard Box, Eucalyptus sp. Barroul-gourrah
Bastard Box of Illawarra, Eucalyptus sp. Dtaah
Black Apple, Planchonella australis Djirra-wa-wah, Jerrawarrah
Black-butt, Silvertop Ash, Eucalyptus pilularis, E. sieberi Yarrawarrah, Yarrawarra
Beef Wood, Silky Oak, Stenocarpus salignus Meleyn
Blueberry Ash, Eleocarpus reticulatus Yandir-airii, ‘yander-airy’
Blue Box, Eucalyptus baureriana Djilladt, ‘tjellat’
Box of Illawarra, Eucalyptus sp. Gnooroo-wara
Broad-leaved Grey Ironbark, Eucalyptus paniculata Dtirri-barri, ‘terri-barri’
Brown tree-fern, Dicksonia Antarctica Gaarruumuul, ‘gourroo-mool’
Brush Cherry, Syzygium paniculatum Galangarra
Cabbage Palm, Livistona australis Dtharowal, Dharawal
Callicoma, Black Wattle, Callicoma serratifolia Dtjirruing, Tdjerruing
Coachwood or Christmas Bush, Ceratopetalum sp. Buula, Boola
Deciduous Fig, Ficus henneanea Baira
Eucalyptus sp. Dtackai courroo
Giant Stinging tree, Dendrocnide excelsa Guumaumaa, Goomaomah
Grey Mangrove, Avicennia marina Balun
Grey Gum, Eucalytpus punctata Djilag, Dyellak
Gum Vine, Aphanopetalum resinosum Dtjiunin, Tdjeunen
Ironbark tree, Eucalyptus paniculata Barima, Barremma
Kurrajong, Brachychiton populneus Gouramyn Couramyn
Kurrajong, Hibiscus heterophyllus Dtharang-gange
Lillypilly, Acmena smithii Djiirail, Tdjerail
Mahogany, Eucalyptus sp. Buuah, Booah
Maidens’ blush, Sloanea australis Dawawah
Messmate, Stringbark, Eucalyptus obliqua, Warreeah
Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla Garriuaura karreuaira
Narrow-leaved Apple, Angophora bakeri Banda, Boondah, Bunda
Narrow-leaved Peppermint, Eucalyptus radiata Gayirra, Kayer-ro
Narrow-leaved Ironbark, Eucalyptus crebra Mokaarago, Muggago, Mukaarragu
Native Cherry, Exocarpus cupressiformis Gaaiiyad, Koieyatt
Native Cycad, Macrozamia communis Burrawang, Biiaawang
Oak Buwandayu
Red Ash, Alphitonia sp. Murrung
Red Bloodwood, Corymbia gummifera Baarrayiraw gaurruu, Bourrayero gourroo
Red Gum, Angophora costata, E. tereticornis, Gudyimburr
Red Mahogany, Eucalyptus resinifera, Dhurambai, Thurambai
River She-Oak, Casuarina cunninghamniana Billagin
Rough tree-fern, Cyathea australis Beeow-wang
Soapberry, Sapindaceae species Balim bowlimba
Salt Swamp Oak, Casuarina stricta Gamburra, Comburra, Oomburra
Small-leaved fig, Ficus obliqua Warrauka
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Buuangii, Booangie
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Dharangiwili
Spotted Gum, Corymbia maculata Yarrunj,Yah-ruigne
Stringybark tree, Eucalyptus sp. Dthahdthaang
Swamp Mahogany, Eucalyptus robusta Burram-murra, Barramarra
Sydney Blue Gum, Eucalyptus saligna Couranga, Gauranga
Turpentine, Syncarpia gummifera Buuriiraa, Buriirah, Booreeah
Teak Wood, Endiandra sieberi Murragun, Murrogun
Whalebone tree, Streblus brunonianus Marrulang
Wattle, Acacia species Baaliang
Wattle, Acacia species Mayamba
White Beech, Gmelina leichhardtii Guurinnu, Coo-in-new
Wild Fig, Ficus species Karwer-ullago Garwer-ullago (fig-wild), Garwer, Karwer
Woollybutt of Illawarra, Eucalyptus longifolia Gnaoulie, Ngawuli
Dharawal Placenames
Budgong, Bugong - an original name of the creek flow from Cambewarra to Shoalhaven River and right next to Bugong National Park.
Buuraneer – Boorranea, name of the point on Port Hacking River.
Burrawang – a name of a cycad plant called Burrawang cycad – Macrozamia communis
Burrera, Burria - it is an traditional name of Burrier near Cambewarra. Burrier Tribe of the Woddi Woddi Clan, Dharawal Country.
Cambewarra - near Burrier and Illaroo means “place of burning hill” or “Illawarra Flaming Trees Mountain”.
Cronulla – kurranulla, gurranulla, kurrongnulla meaning wetland or reeds in swamp.
Deeban – a Dharawal place name for Port Hacking River.
Elouera – derived from Illawarra meaning ‘high place of white clay’
Ganman.gang – “small island near entrance of Lake Illawarra”
Gunnamatta - Goona or Gunna means “black duck or swan” and “matta” means place of; Place of swans or ducks via Cronulla.
Kamay Botany Bay – traditional name of Botany Bay or Stingray Bay
Kanahooka – a name of a Dharawal warrior.
Kemblawarra
Koonawarra – koona meaning duck and warra meaning high place, Koonawarra meaning
‘high place of duck’
Illaroo, Illaroong - brackish water, traditional name of Broughton Creek near Berry.
Illawarra – it also relates to Eleoura and Illawong
Illawong – it also relates to Illawarra and Eleoura
Minnamurra – many fishes
Minnagang Creek – mirrigang meaning dog, a creek between Kemlbawarra and
Kanahooka.
Milgurrung – a Dharawal place name for a fresh water place in Kurnell that runs into
Kamay Botany Bay.
Mittagong – mirrigang meaning dog
Mirragang Creek – meaning dog, located in Lake Illawarra
Murringah – derived from marrangga meaning charcoal or ashes
Nijong – ngijong meaning water
Norongerragal - name of the clan in Nurunggerung or Wennagarung which is now Holsworthy, Menai, and Heathcote.
Thirroul – tharrawal, dharawal meaning cabbage palm tree – Livistona australis. Dharawal is possibly a totem of the language group that the Dharawal Ancestors planted cabbage palm trees in Illawarra area back in The Dreamtime Period.
Warabiya – a placename between Bummerong and Botany Bay
Wennagarung – Heathcote and Engadine, Bottle Forest area. Richard Hill stated “While
here I may mention, to show how easily names are corrupted, that ‘Bottle Forest’ (now
Heathcote) was so called because a bottle was found by the surveyors that surveyed that
locality. The aboriginal name of this place is ‘Wennagarung.”
Wollongong – Woolyungah
References
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Mathews, R.H, 1901, The Thoorga Language, Reprinted from the Proceedings and transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Queensland, Vol. 17, National Library of Australia, https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1875322/Holdings.
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NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, 2016, Plan of Management for Bugong National Park and Tapitallee Nature Reserve, Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW State Government, URL: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/bugong-national-park-tapitallee-nature-reserve-plan-of-management-160729.pdf#page22.
Nature Journal, 2018, How one group of languages conquered Australia, Nature Journal, Nature 555, 417 (2018), https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03123-6.
Organs, M, 1998, Illawarra and South Coast Aborigines 1770-1900, University of Wollongong, https://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers.
PlantNET (The NSW Plant information Network System), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au.
Paris Exhibition Commissioners, 1854, page 16, Specimens of Woods – Indigenous to the Southern Districts – Products of New South Wales – Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial Products of New South Wales, exhibited in the Australian Museum, Paris Exhibition Commissioners, printed by Reading and Wellbank, 13 Bridge Steet Sydney NSW AUS, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2813237091/view?partId=nla.obj-2813249609#page/n0/mode/1up.
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Spatial Services Team Information Management & Technology Group, 2020, Origin of Suburbs - Naming of Public Open Space & Facilities, Sutherland Shire Council, 4-20 Eton Street Sutherland NSW, website - Naming Guidelines for Places and Public Facilities - Sutherland Shire Council (nsw.gov.au), URL: https://www.sutherlandshire.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/website/document-library/governance/boundaries/origin-of-place-names-a-k.pdf.
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Mathews R.H., 1898, Arrival of the Thurrawal Tribe in Australia, Science of Man and Australian Anthropological Journal, No. 4 Vol. 1. New Series, edited by Dr. A. Carroll, available on TROVE, National Library of Australia, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-521904257/view?sectionId=nla.obj-531712300&searchTerm=Thurrawal+arrival&partId=nla.obj-521926041#page/n20/mode/1up/search/Thurrawal+arrival.
Mathews, R.H., 1901, The Thurrawal Language, Corres. Member Anthropological Society Washington, U.S.A, TROVE online, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-311008435/view?searchTerm=The+Thurrawal+Language&partId=nla.obj-761999031.
Mathews, R.H, 1901, The Thoorga Language, Reprinted from the Proceedings and transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Queensland, Vol. 17, National Library of Australia, https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1875322/Holdings.
Misnomer, 1892, Thirroul A Misnomer – “Throon” the Native Name, William Sadler, a Dharawal man of Port Kembla, Illawarra Mercury, TROVE, URI: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/132288397?searchTerm=Thirroul%20leech.
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, 2016, Plan of Management for Bugong National Park and Tapitallee Nature Reserve, Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW State Government, URL: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-and-protected-areas/Parks-plans-of-management/bugong-national-park-tapitallee-nature-reserve-plan-of-management-160729.pdf#page22.
Nature Journal, 2018, How one group of languages conquered Australia, Nature Journal, Nature 555, 417 (2018), https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03123-6.
Organs, M, 1998, Illawarra and South Coast Aborigines 1770-1900, University of Wollongong, https://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers.
PlantNET (The NSW Plant information Network System), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au.
Paris Exhibition Commissioners, 1854, page 16, Specimens of Woods – Indigenous to the Southern Districts – Products of New South Wales – Catalogue of the Natural and Industrial Products of New South Wales, exhibited in the Australian Museum, Paris Exhibition Commissioners, printed by Reading and Wellbank, 13 Bridge Steet Sydney NSW AUS, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2813237091/view?partId=nla.obj-2813249609#page/n0/mode/1up.
Ridley, W, 1875, Item 02: Kamilaroi, and other Australian Languages, by Rev. William Ridley, 2nd ed., State Library of New South Wales, NSW Government, website: https://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110368574.
Robinson, L, 2003, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, revised 3rd edition, published by Simon & Schuster (Australia) Pty Lty, Suite 19A, Level 1 Building C, 450 Miller St., Cammeray, NSW 2062.
Robinson, R, Carpenter D, 1961, Bundoola, the King of the Sea, TROVE, National Library of Australia, , The Bulletin, The National Australian Newspaper, URL: https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-684299265/view?sectionId=nla.obj-700015280&searchTerm=Bundoola+Roland&partId=nla.obj-684310943#page/n0/mode/1up.
Spatial Services Team Information Management & Technology Group, 2020, Origin of Suburbs - Naming of Public Open Space & Facilities, Sutherland Shire Council, 4-20 Eton Street Sutherland NSW, website - Naming Guidelines for Places and Public Facilities - Sutherland Shire Council (nsw.gov.au), URL: https://www.sutherlandshire.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/website/document-library/governance/boundaries/origin-of-place-names-a-k.pdf.
Tindale, T, George, B, 1971, Tribal Boundaries in Australia (map), https://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tribalmap/.
Troy, J, 1994, The Sydney Language, printed by Panther Publishing and Printing, Canberra, https://www.williamdawes.org/docs/troy_sydney_language_publication.pdf or https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327101770_The_Sydney_Language.
Waker, C, Fosbery E, 1900, Aboriginal Names of Places, Etc., with their Meanings, page 80 – 82, Vol. 3 No.5, Science of man and journal of the Royal Anthropological Society of Australasia, published 21 June 1900, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-525760395/view?partId=nla.obj-525885748#page/n13/mode/1up.
Walker, K, 2013, Cullunghutti: The Mountain and Its People – A Documentary History of Cullunghutti Mountain from 1770 to 1920 (A Report for the Community), Office of Environment & Heritage NSW (Nowra), produced by Waters Consultancy Pty Ltd, 28 Govett Street, Katoomba NSW 2780.
Wesson, S, 2005, Murni Dhungang Jirrar – Living in the Illawarra, NSW Department of Environment and Heritage, NSW Government, https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/10866185/murni-dhungang-jirrar-living-in-the-illawarra.